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Publications

Joseph Nye’s Soft Power Theory and the Dynamics of China-India Soft Power Competition in South Asia: A Comparative Analysis

Mohammed Nuruzzaman
Noor Mohammad Sarker
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 40-59
In: The International Spectator 60/4

China’s Economic Engagement as Strategic Deterrence in Afghanistan

Nishtha Kaushiki
Victor Sathyadas
Sarita Yadav
Hans Raj
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 60-82
In: The International Spectator 60/4

Greening the Belt and Road Initiative and the 2030 Agenda: China’s Environmental Diplomacy Discourse in Focus

Agnieszka Nitza-Makowska
Kerry Longhurst
Katarzyna Skiert-Andrzejuk
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 83-102
In: The International Spectator 60/4

Alliance Management and Binding Strategy: Why the United States Has Failed to Prevent Turkey from Strategic Rapprochement with Russia

İsmail Akdoğan
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 103-119
In: The International Spectator 60/4

The South Caucasus Reconstructed: Polarity and Regional Security Order after the Nagorno-Karabakh War in 2020

Narek Sukiasyan
Erik Davtyan
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 120-137
In: The International Spectator 60/4

Iran and Central Asia: Eurasian Geopolitics in a Changing World Order

Aigerim Altynbek
Edward Wastnidge
Adilbek Yermekbayev
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 138-155
In: The International Spectator 60/4

A Vanishing Normative Power? The Changing Dynamics of EU Arms Exports: Trade, Geopolitics and Ethics from the First Gulf War to the War in Ukraine

Chiara Bonaiuti
Luca Bortolotti
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 156-175
In: The International Spectator 60/4

Russia and the MENA Region since 2011: From Cautious Engagement to Assertive Intervention

Nicolò Murgia
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 176-178
In: The International Spectator 60/4

Global Dreams, Domestic Dilemmas: India’s Major Power Pursuit

N. Dileep Vivek
The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025, p. 179-182
In: The International Spectator 60/4

The Kremlin Sets Its Sights on Kyiv: The Bluff behind Russia’s “Peace Plan”

Nona Mikhelidze
Rome, IAI, November 2025, 4 p.
In: IAI Commentaries 25|61

From Resolution to Practice: 25 Years of the Women, Peace and Security Agenda

Loredana Teodorescu
Giulia Daga
Rome, Nuova Cultura, November 2025, 160 p.
In: IAI Research Studies 13

The International Spectator, Vol. 60, No. 4, December 2025

In: The International Spectator 60/4