Tensions between Kigali and Kinshasa over the conflict in eastern DRC involving M23 rebels and other armed militia groups operating in the region have escalated following failed peace talks in December 2024. On 26 January 2025, M23 rebels seized control of Goma, displacing thousands and killing hundreds. Aid organizations have warned of a looming humanitarian crisis. In response, regional blocs, EAC and SADC held Extraordinary Summits to de-escalate tensions and negotiate a path to peace.

General course overview

Chamber of Deputies Committee III (Foreign Affairs) – 8 January 2025

Informal hearing of Nicoletta Pirozzi, Head of the Programme on European Union at the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), in the framework of the examination of the Report on the state of implementation of the Mattei Plan.

The Horn of Africa stands at a pivotal moment, with rapidly evolving alliances and heightened tensions reshaping the region's geopolitical landscape. A controversial MOU between Ethiopia and Somaliland signed in January 2024 has recalibrated regional alliances with regional consequences for development, peace and security. International actors, including the AU, EU, US, remain critical to conflict resolution efforts and their involvement could help mitigate risks of further escalation.