Energy and Climate Strategies, Interests and Priorities of the EU and Turkey
Energy is one of the sectors in which EU–Turkey cooperation could be most fruitful, possibly leading overall convergence through the common achievement of mutual interests in key areas – in particular, natural gas imports and diversification. Yet, this collaboration is undermined by the uncertainty over Turkey’s position vis-à-vis these policies and its undefined commitment to others, such as renewables and nuclear power; by doubts over the ability of the EU to balance security of supply, sustainability and competitiveness; and by the unclear growth trends of both regions. This situation is partially balanced by Turkey’s and the EU’s participation in several – sometimes successful – platforms for energy cooperation on the bilateral and multilateral levels (i.e. ENTSO-E, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity and Med-TSO, the Association of the Mediterranean Transmission System Operators), which are aimed at the integration of the two polities’ energy markets. Nonetheless, the overall energy framework still needs a strong policy boost to set it on a common path towards convergence.
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Cologne, University of Cologne, March 2017, 61 p. -
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Introduction
1 The composition and future trends of European and Turkish energy mixes
1.1 The EU energy framework
1.1.1 The present and past composition of EU energy mixes
1.1.2 Trends in energy demand and their relationship with GDP and other factors
1.1.3 Energy-mix dynamics: production, imports and vulnerability
1.2 The Turkish energy framework
1.2.1 The present and past composition of Turkey’s energy mixes
1.2.2 Trends in energy demand and their relationship with GDP and other factors
1.2.3 The dynamics of energy mixes: production, imports and vulnerability
2 The EU and Turkey: mid- and long-term strategies
2.1 The EU’s mid- and long-term strategies
2.1.1 Energy-market liberalization processes in the EU
2.1.2 Decarbonization policies and the path after the Paris Agreement
2.1.3 The integration and development of renewables in the EU
2.1.4 The role of coal and gas generation
2.2 The Turkish mid- and long-term strategies
2.2.1 Energy-market liberalization processes in Turkey
2.2.2 Decarbonization policies and the path after the Paris Agreement
2.2.3 The integration and development of renewables in Turkey
2.2.4 The role of coal and gas in electricity generation
2.2.5 Turkey’s strategy for hydroelectricity
2.2.6 Turkey’s strategy for nuclear power
3 The framework of energy cooperation between Turkey and the EU
3.1 EU–Turkey: the status of bilateral energy cooperation
3.2 The integration of European and Turkish energy markets
3.3 The role of multilateral cooperation platforms
Conclusions
References