The debate on the withdrawal from Afghanistan has inevitably led to fundamental questions about US foreign policy and its future trajectories. According to Riccardo Perissich, former Director General of the European Commission, most observers on the two sides of the Atlantic seem to criticize both the planning and the execution phases. Europeans, in particular, complain about not having been adequately consulted or involved in the decision and execution of the withdrawal. In light of the recent debate, the question is: what foreign policy line does Biden belong to?

In the immediate aftermath of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, an overwhelming majority of commentators drew a parallel with the surprise blitz by Imperial Japan against the US Pacific fleet in Hawaii’s Bay of Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941.