Chapter 8 notes that, since the beginning of decolonisation to the end of the Cold War, Italy had not shown much interest in sub-Saharan Africa. Italy’s presence in the region decreased considerably, especially when compared with its presence in other African countries, relegating it to a secondary role in terms of the country’s economic footprint on the continent. Italy’s influence in Africa has been more strongly felt in North Africa than in sub-Saharan Africa. Italian interaction with North Africa has been based on mutual respect in politics, intercultural communication, and mutual economic benefit. But the main game changers in African-Italian relations in the post-Cold War era have been those who took over the Italian leadership from 2013.