The International Spectator - Articoli free

- 60:2 (2025) - Sara Van Hoeymissen
   Shadowboxing: The People’s Republic of China’s Use of Informal Trade Restrictions as a Rising Power [2]
- 60:2 (2025) - George Sebastian Fartan and Dimitris Bouris
   Performing the (Contested) State: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Transnistria’s Political Elites [3]
- 60:1 (2025) - Matilde Rosina, Marianna Griffini and Leila Simona Talani
   Right Move? Populist Radical Right Parties and Europe [4]
- 60:1 (2025) - Margherita de Candia and Edoardo Bressanelli
   The European Conservatives and Reformists Group: Cooperation or Opposition in Europe’s Parliament? [5]
- 60:1 (2025) - Gianmarco Fifi
   Inventing and Re-inventing Populism to Protect Europe: The Case of the Italian Partito Democratico, 2007-2022 [6]
- 60:1 (2025) - Marianna Griffini and Matilde Rosina
   An Ideological Divide? Political Parties’ Discourse in Italy’s Migration Cooperation with Libya and Albania [7]
- 60:1 (2025) - Alexander Alekseev
   Freedom in Populist Radical Right Discourses: The Polish ‘Island of Freedom’ in the 2019 European Parliament Election [8]
- 60:1 (2025) - Laura Montecchio
   Italy’s Populist Radical Right and Anti-Gender Discourses: Lega, FdI and the Case of the Zan Bill [9]

- 59:4 (2024) - Giovanni Andornino and Anna Caffarena
   From Trust Deficits to Pervasive Mistrust: The Global Impact of US-China Rivalry [10]
- 59:4 (2024) - Saroj Kumar Aryal and Manish Jung Pulami
   The Role of the McMahon, Radcliffe and Durand Lines in Shaping Regional Security Complexes in South Asia: An Assessment [11]
- 59:3 (2024) - Eugenia Baroncelli and Daniela Irrera
   The Triple Nexus and the Future of Multilateral Governance: Rethinking Coordination between Humanitarian, Development and Peacebuilding Efforts [12]
- 59:3 (2024) - Daniela Nascimento and José Manuel Pureza
   Refugees as Entrepreneurs? A Challenge to HDP Programmes [13]
- 59:3 (2024) - Maria do Céu Pinto Arena
   The US and EU Response to Tunisia’s Democratic Backsliding: Promoting Democracy or Protecting Interests? [14]
- 59:2 (2024) - Polina Zavershinskaia
   State’s Legitimisation of Violence through Strategic Narration: How the Kremlin Justified the Russian Invasion of Ukraine [15]
- 59:2 (2024) - Ruoxi Wang, Chi Zhang and Yaxiong Lei
   Justifying a Privacy Guardian in Discourse and Behaviour: The People’s Republic of China’s Strategic Framing in Data Governance [16]
- 59:2 (2024) - Frank Maracchione, Giulia Sciorati and Claudia Roberta Combei
   Changing Images? Italian Twitter Discourse on China and the United States during the First Wave of COVID-19 [17]
- 59:1 (2024) - Riccardo Alcaro and Hylke Dijkstra
   Re-imagining EU Foreign and Security Policy in a Complex and Contested World [18]
- 59:1 (2024) - Pol Bargués, Assem Dandashly, Hylke Dijkstra and Gergana Noutcheva
   Engagement against All Odds? Navigating Member States’ Contestation of EU Policy on Kosovo [19]
- 59:1 (2024) - Kristi Raik, Steven Blockmans, Anna Osypchuk and Anton Suslov
   EU Policy towards Ukraine: Entering Geopolitical Competition over European Order [20]
- 59:1 (2024) - Sinem Akgül-Açıkmeşe and Soli Özel
   EU Policy towards the Israel-Palestine Conflict: The Limitations of Mitigation Strategies [21]
- 59:1 (2024) - Caterina Bedin, Tiffany Guendouz and Agnès Levallois
   From Conflict Management to Shielding EU Stability: How Syria’s Fragmentation Diverted the EU(FSP) from Action to Reaction [22]
- 59:1 (2024) - Riccardo Alcaro
   Weathering the Geopolitical Storms: The Ever-elusive Success of EU Policy towards Iran [23]
- 59:1 (2024) - Francesca Caruso and Jesutimilehin O. Akamo
   EU Policy towards Ethiopia amidst the Tigray War: The Limits of Mitigating Fragmentation [24]
- 59:1 (2024) - Anna Ayuso, Tiziano Breda, Elsa Lilja Gunnarsdottir and Marianne Riddervold
   Constraints, Dilemmas and Challenges for EU Foreign Policy in Venezuela [25]
- 59:1 (2024) - Zachary Paikin
   Multipolar Competition and the Rules-based Order: Probing the Limits of EU Foreign and Security Policy in the South China Sea [26]

- 58:4 (2023) - Manuel Herrera, Tanvi Kulkarni and Vicente Garrido
   Nuclear Non-Proliferation and the Global South: Understanding Divergences and Commonalities [27]
- 58:4 (2023) - Ferdinand Arslanian
   The Impact of Economic Sanctions on Nuclear Non-Proliferation: The Case of Iran (2005-15) [28]
- 58:4 (2023) - Exequiel Lacovsky
   Opposing Nuclear Weapons Testing in the Global South: A Comparative Perspective [29]
- 58:4 (2023) - Leila Hennaoui and Marzhan Nurzhan
   Dealing with a Nuclear Past: Revisiting the Cases of Algeria and Kazakhstan through a Decolonial Lens [30]
- 58:4 (2023) - Shivani Singh
   Exploring ‘Accommodation’ to Understand the Behaviour of Rising Powers in the Global Nuclear Order: The Cases of India and Brazil [31]
- 58:4 (2023) - Patrick Holden
   Strongholds of Liberalism? The Reaction of Regional Integration Institutions to the Pandemic Trade Crisis [32]
- 58:3 (2023) - Rebecca Sanders and Laura Dudley Jenkins
   Patriarchal Populism: The Conservative Political Action Coalition (CPAC) and the Transnational Politics of Authoritarian Anti-Feminism [33]
- 58:3 (2023) - Stefan A. Schirm
   Alternative World Orders? Russia’s Ukraine War and the Domestic Politics of the BRICS [34]
- 58:3 (2023) - Hussam Hussein and Matyas Knol
   The Ukraine War, Food Trade and the Network of Global Crises [35]
- 58:3 (2023) - Marco Giuli and Sebastian Oberthür
   Assessing the EU’s Evolving Position in Energy Geopolitics under Decarbonisation [36]
- 58:2 (2023) - Emidio Diodato and Veronica Strina
   Olympic Diplomacy as Contestation: The Legacy of the Beijing Olympics [37]
- 58:2 (2023) - Jan Busse and René Wildangel
   The Rebellious Game: The Power of Football in the Middle East and North Africa between the Global and the Local [38]
- 58:2 (2023) - Francesco Belcastro
   A Game of Politics? International Sport Organisations and the Role of Sport in International Politics [39]
- 58:1 (2023) - Leo Goretti and Daniela Huber
   Editorial [40]
- 58:1 (2023) - Sophia Kalantzakos, Indra Overland and Roman Vakulchuk
   Decarbonisation and Critical Materials in the Context of Fraught Geopolitics: Europe’s Distinctive Approach to a Net Zero Future [41]
- 58:1 (2023) - Armenuhi Ananyan and Kerry Longhurst
   Amidst an Ambition-Reality Gap: The UN’s Women, Peace and Security Agenda [42]
- 58:1 (2023) - Brendon J. Cannon and Federico Donelli
   Rwanda’s Military Deployments in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Neoclassical Realist Account [43]

- 57:4 (2022) - Jonathan Fulton
   Systemic Change and Regional Orders: Asian Responses to a Gulf in Transition [44]
- 57:4 (2022) - Florian Trauner
   The Great Covid Paper Wall: European Strategies to Deal with Chinese Visa Restrictions [45]
- 57:4 (2022) - Vasile Rotaru
   Change or Continuity in Russia’s Strategy towards Secessionist Regions in the ‘Near Abroad’? [46]
- 57:3 (2022) - Xuechen Chen and Yifan Yang
   Contesting Western and Non-Western Approaches to Global Cyber Governance beyond Westlessness [47]
- 57:3 (2022) - Xinchuchu Gao
   An Attractive Alternative? China’s Approach to Cyber Governance and Its Implications for the Western Model [48]
- 57:3 (2022) - Saeme Kim
   Roles and Limitations of Middle Powers in Shaping Global Cyber Governance [49]
- 57:3 (2022) - Louise Marie Hurel
   Interrogating the Cybersecurity Development Agenda: A Critical Reflection [50]
- 57:2 (2022) - Vahid Nick Pay and Przemysław Postolski
   Power and Diplomacy in the United Nations Security Council: The Influence of Elected Members [51]
- 57:2 (2022) - Meriel Hahn and Peter Harris
   The Hobbled Peacemaker: America's Inability to Satisfy North Korea [52]
- 57:1 (2022) - Nicoletta Pirozzi and Matteo Bonomi
   Governing Differentiation and Integration in the European Union: Patterns, Effectiveness and Legitimacy [53]
- 57:1 (2022) - Marco Brunazzo
   The Politics of EU Differentiated Integration: Between Crises and Dilemmas [54]
- 57:1 (2022) - Sandra Lavenex and Ivo Križić
   Governance, Effectiveness and Legitimacy in Differentiated Integration: An Analytical Framework [55]
- 56:1 (2021) - Pier Domenico Tortola and Stefan Couperus
   Differentiated Cooperation through Local Authority Networks: Challenges and Opportunities [56]
- 57:1 (2022) - Funda Tekin and Vittoria Meissner
   Political Differentiation as the End of Political Unity? A Narrative Analysis [57]
- 57:1 (2022) - Andreas Eisl and Eulalia Rubio
   What Makes Economic Differentiation Effective? Insights from the EU Energy Sector, Banking Union and Third-Country Access to the Single Market [58]
- 57:1 (2022) - Marco Siddi, Tyyne Karjalainen and Juha Jokela
   Differentiated Cooperation in the EU’s Foreign and Security Policy: Effectiveness, Accountability, Legitimacy [59]
- 57:1 (2022) - Emmanuel Comte and Sandra Lavenex
   Differentiation and De-Differentiation in EU Border Controls, Asylum and Police Cooperation [60]
- 57:1 (2022) - Jannike Wachowiak and Fabian Zuleeg
   Brexit and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement: Implications for Internal and External EU Differentiation [61]
- 57:1 (2022) - Nicoletta Pirozzi and Matteo Bonomi
   Differentiation and EU Governance: Key Elements and Impact [62]

- 56:4 (2021) - Olivia Glombitza and Kristian Coates Ulrichsen
   Between the Domestic and the International: Ideational Factors, Peacebuilding and Foreign Policy in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf [63]
- 56:4 (2021) - Simon Mabon, Samira Nasirzadeh and Eyad Alrefai
   De-securitisation and Pragmatism in the Persian Gulf: The Future of Saudi-Iranian Relations [64]
- 56:4 (2021) - Nesibe Hicret Battaloglu
   Ideational Factors in Turkey’s Alignment with Qatar and Their Impact on Regional Security [65]
- 56:4 (2021) - James Worrall
   “Switzerland of Arabia”: Omani Foreign Policy and Mediation Efforts in the Middle East [66]
- 56:4 (2021) - Gertjan Hoetjes
   The Gulf Cooperation Council and the Failure of Peacebuilding in Yemen [67]
- 56:3 (2021) - Rosa Fernandez, Jonas J. Schoenefeld, Thomas Hoerber and Sebastian Oberthür
   Europe’s Transition to Sustainability: Actors, Approaches and Policies [68]
- 56:3 (2021) - Frauke Ohler and Tom Delreux
   Role Perceptions in Global Environmental Negotiations: From Reformist Leaders to Conservative Bystanders [69]
- 56:3 (2021) - Jonas J. Schoenefeld, Kai Schulze, Mikael Hildén and Andrew J. Jordan
   The Challenging Paths to Net-Zero Emissions: Insights from the Monitoring of National Policy Mixes [70]
- 56:3 (2021) - Thomas Hoerber, Kristina Kurze and Joel Kuenzer
   Towards Ego-Ecology? Populist Environmental Agendas and the Sustainability Transition in Europe [71]
- 56:3 (2021) - Matúš Mišík
   When the Accession Legacy Fades Away: Central and Eastern European Countries and the EU Renewables Targets [72]
- 56:3 (2021) - Rosa Fernandez
   Community Renewable Energy Projects: The Future of the Sustainable Energy Transition? [73]
- 56:3 (2021) - Simona Davidescu and Aron Buzogány
   Cutting Deals: Transnational Advocacy Networks and the European Union Timber Regulation at the Eastern Border [74]
- 56:2 (2021) - Riccardo Alcaro and Nathalie Tocci
   Navigating a Covid World: The European Union’s Internal Rebirth and External Quest [75]
- 56:2 (2021) - Stefania Panebianco
   Towards a Human and Humane Approach? The EU Discourse on Migration amidst the Covid-19 Crisis [76]
- 56:2 (2021) - Meliha Altunışık
   Pandemic Regionalism or Not? The MENA Region in the Shadow of Covid-19 [77]
- 56:2 (2021) - Salvador Santino F. Regilme, Jr and Obert Hodzi
   Comparing US and Chinese Foreign Aid in the Era of Rising Powers [78]
- 56:1 (2021) - Riccardo Alcaro
   Europe’s Defence of the Iran Nuclear Deal: Less than a Success, More than a Failure [79]
- 56:1 (2021) - Giovanna Maletta
   Seeking a Responsible Arms Trade to Reduce Human Suffering in Yemen [80]
- 56:1 (2021) - Anna Maria Pinna and Luca Lodi
   Trade and Global Value Chains at the Time of Covid-19 [81]

- 55:4 (2020) - Morten Bøås and Francesco Strazzari
   Governance, Fragility and Insurgency in the Sahel: A Hybrid Political Order in the Making [82]
-- 55:4 (2020) - Kari M. Osland and Henriette U. Erstad
   The Fragility Dilemma and Divergent Security Complexes in the Sahel [83]
- 55:4 (2020) - Alessio Iocchi
   The Dangers of Disconnection: Oscillations in Political Violence on Lake Chad [84]
- 55:4 (2020) - Luca Raineri
   Gold Mining in the Sahara-Sahel: The Political Geography of State-making and Unmaking [85]
- 55:4 (2020) - Morten Bøås, Abdoul Wahab Cissé and Laouali Mahamane
   Explaining Violence in Tillabéri: Insurgent Appropriation of Local Grievances? [86]
- 55:3 (2020) - Sophia Kalantzakos
   The Race for Critical Minerals in an Era of Geopolitical Realignments [87]
- 55:2 (2020) - Larbi Sadiki and Layla Saleh
   The GCC in Crisis: Explorations of ‘Normlessness’ in Gulf Regionalism [88]
- 55:2 (2020) - Larbi Sadiki
   Regionalism in Crisis: GCC Integration without Democracy [89]
- 55:2 (2020) - Ibrahim Fraihat
   Superpower and Small-State Mediation in the Qatar Gulf Crisis [90]
- 55:1 (2020) - Nicola Casarini
   Rising to the Challenge: Europe's Security Policy in East Asia amid US-China Rivalry [91]

- 54:4 (2019) - Alper Kaliber and Esra Kaliber
   From De-Europeanisation to Anti-Western Populism: Turkish Foreign Policy in Flux [92]
- 54:4 (2019) - Linus Hagström and Magnus Lundström
   Overcoming US-North Korean Enmity: Lessons from an Eclectic IR Approach [93]
- 54:3 (2019) - Silvia D'Amato and Sonia Lucarelli
   Talking Migration: Narratives of Migration and Justice Claims in the European Migration System of Governance [94]
- 54:2 (2019) - Bertjan Verbeek and Andrej Zaslove
   Contested Issues Surrounding Populism in Public and Academic Debates [95]
- 54:1 (2019) - Olga Burlyuk and Gergana Noutcheva
   Unintended Consequences of EU External Action [96]
- 54:1 (2019) - Natasja Reslow
   Horizontal and Vertical Diversity: Unintended Consequences of EU External Migration Policy [97]
- 54:1 (2019) - Dimitris Bouris
   Unintended Consequences of State-building Projects in Contested States: The EU in Palestine [98]
- 54:1 (2019) - Assem Dandashly and Gergana Noutcheva
   Unintended Consequences of EU Democracy Support in the European Neighbourhood [99]
- 54:1 (2019) - Frank de Zwart and Karolina Pomorska
   EU External Action, Intention and Explanation [100]

- 53:4 (2018) - Agustín Rossi
   How the Snowden Revelations Saved the EU General Data Protection Regulation [101]
- 53:3 (2018) - Paolo Foradori, Serena Giusti and Alessandro Giovanni Lamonica
   Reshaping Cultural Heritage Protection Policies at a Time of Securitisation: France, Italy, and the United Kingdom [102]
- 53:2 (2018) - Matthew Willner-Reid
   The Rise of Referendums: A Death Sentence for Multilateralism? [103]
- 53:2 (2018) - Lindy Newlove-Eriksson, Giampiero Giacomello and Johan Eriksson
   The Invisible Hand? Critical Information Infrastructures, Commercialisation and National Security [104]
- 53:1 (2018) - Riccardo Alcaro
   Contestation and Transformation. Final Thoughts on the Liberal International Order [105]

- 52:4 (2017) - Milan Babic, Jan Fichtner and Eelke M. Heemskerk
   States versus Corporations: Rethinking the Power of Business in International Politics [106]
- 52:4 (2017) - Ruth Hanau Santini
   A New Regional Cold War in the Middle East and North Africa: Regional Security Complex Theory Revisited [107]
- 52:3 (2017) - Francesco Marone
   Ties that Bind: Dynamics of Group Radicalisation in Italy’s Jihadists Headed for Syria and Iraq [108]
- 52:2 (2017) - Silvia Colombo and Eman Ragab
   Editorial Note: Foreign Relations of the GCC Countries amid Shifting Global and Regional Dynamics [109]
- 52:2 (2017) - Babak Mohammadzadeh
   Status and Foreign Policy Change in Small States: Qatar’s Emergence in Perspective [110]
- 52:1 (2017) - Jonathan Holslag
   How China's New Silk Road Threatens European Trade [111]
- 52:1 (2017) - Benedict Wilkinson, Maria Giulia Amadio Viceré and Erin Montague
   Navigating the Unknown: Barriers to Evidence-Based Defence and Security Policy in the European Union [112]

- 51:4 (2016) - David C. Unger
   The Foreign Policy Legacy of Barack Obama [113]
- 51:3 (2016) - Nathalie Tocci
   Interview on the Global Strategy for the European Union's Foreign and Security Policy [114]
- 51:3 (2016) - Joyeeta Gupta
   The Watercourses Convention, Hydro-hegemony and Transboundary Water Issues [115]
- 51:2 (2016) - Sam Sussman and Kalypso Nicolaïdis
   R2P: “State of Play” [116]
- 51:1 (2016) - Federico Romero
   Rethinking Italy's Shrinking Place in the International Arena [117]

- 50:4 (2015) - Altiero Spinelli
   The Outlook for Italian Foreign Policy [118]
- 50:3 (2015) - Linda Basile and Pierangelo Isernia
   The US Rebalancing to Asia and Transatlantic Public Opinion [119]
- 50:2 (2015) - Pavel K. Baev
   Russia as Opportunist or Spoiler in the Middle East? [120]
- 50:1 (2015) - Steven Vanderheiden
   Justice and Climate Finance: Differentiating Responsibility in the Green Climate Fund [121]

- 49:4 (2014) - Jean-Pierre Cassarino
   A Reappraisal of the EU's Expanding Readmission System [122]
- 49:3 (2014) - Hassan Mneimneh
   Can the World Afford to Condone the 'Divided States of Syria'? [123]
- 49:2 (2014) - Robert Dover
   The World's Second Oldest Profession: The Transatlantic Spying Scandal and its Aftermath [124]
- 49:1 (2014) - Lorenzo Bini Smaghi
   Austerity, a Threat to Democracy? [125]

- 48:4 (2013) - Daniela Pioppi
   Playing with Fire. The Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian Leviathan [126]
- 48:4 (2013) - Raffaele Marchetti
   "Forgotten" Directions in the Study of Transnational Networks [127]
- 48:3 (2013) - Philip Hanson
   Fear of the Future: Russia in the Global Economy in the Next Few Years [128]
- 48:2 (2013) - Bassel F. Salloukh
   The Arab Uprisings and the Geopolitics of the Middle East [129]
- 48:1 (2013) - Erik Jones and Saskia van Genugten
   Editorial Note - Europe and Islam [130]
- 48:1 (2013) - Oliver Roy
   Secularism and Islam: The Theological Predicament [131]

- 47:4 (2012) - Gabriel Goodliffe and Stéphan Sberro
   The G20 after Los Cabos: Illusions of Global Economic Governance [132]
- 47:3 (2012) - Daniel M. Kliman
   The West and Global Swing States [133]
- 47:2 (2012) - Nicola Casarini
   Editorial Note - A Rising China and its Strategic Impact [134]
- 47:2 (2012) - Michael Yahuda
   China's Recent Relations with Maritime Neighbours [135]
- 47:1 (2012) - Lorenzo Fioramonti
   Editorial Note - Regionalism in a Changing World [136]
- 47:1 (2012) - Henk Overbeek
   Sovereign Debt Crisis in Euroland: Root Causes and Implications for European Integration [137]

- 46:4 (2011) - Roberto Aliboni
   The International Dimension of the Arab Spring [138]
- 46:3 (2011) - Robert Springborg
   Whither the Arab Spring? 1989 or 1848? [139]
- 46:2 (2011) - Namrata Patodia Rastogi
   Winds of Change: India's Emerging Climate Change Strategy [140]
- 46:1 (2011) - Maxi Schoeman
   Of BRICs and Mortar: The Growing Relations Between Africa and the Global South [141]

- 45:4 (2010) - Daniel S. Hamilton
   Forging Networked Security in a Nobody-in-Charge World [142]
- 45:3 (2010) - Harald Müller
   The 2010 NPT Review Conference: Some Breathing Space Gained, But No Breakthrough [143]
- 45:3 (2010) - Hakim Darbouche
   'Energising' EU-Algerian Relations [144]
- 45:2 (2010) - James Sherr
   The Russia-EU Energy Relationship: Getting it Right [145]
- 45:1 (2010) - Marco Onado
   Is the Larosière Proposal on European Financial Regulation on the Right Path? [146]

- 44:4 (2009) - Radha Kumar
   New Potential for US-India Relations Under Obama [147]
- 44:3 (2009) - Muriel Asseburg and Volker Perthes
   Is the EU up to the Requirements of Peace in the Middle East? [148]
- 44:2 (2009) - Nicola Casarini
   Editorial Note - Evolving Dynamics in the Asia-Pacific [149]
- 44:2 (2009) - Seongho Sheen
   To Be or Not To Be: South Korea's East Asia Security Strategy and the Unification Quandary [150]
- 44:1 (2009) - Masahiko Asada
   Strengthening the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime: Proposals and Problems [151]

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