Differentiated EUrope 2035

Differentiated integration has been and will remain a necessity if Europe wants to overcome stalemate and improve the functioning of the European integration process. According to Janis A. Emmanouilidis, Director of Studies at the European Policy Centre, the central question is thus not whether there will be a differentiated Europe, but what it will or rather should look like. The Director draws five potential scenarios for a differentiated EUrope 2035: status quo differentiation, muddling upwards, fundamental disruption of differentiation, creation of an inner core, and a new supranational union.